Growth, expectations and tariffs

The Structure of Tariffs and Long-Term Growth

Tariffs can create allocative inefficiencies that reduce national income. There is thus a legitimate presumption that high average levels of tariffs are a poor policy choice. However, tariffs can also be used to raise national income provided the appropriate industry is chosen for protection. Examples include Paul Krugman’s (1987) model of learning-by-doing and Gene M. Grossman and Elhanan Help...

Embodied Carbon Tariffs

Embodied carbon tariffs tax the direct and indirect carbon emissions embodied in trade — an idea popularized by countries seeking to extend the reach of domestic carbon regulations. We investigate their effectiveness using simulations from an applied general equilibrium model of global trade and energy use. We find that the tariffs do reduce foreign emissions, but their ability to improve the g...

Best Practice Tariffs

Two-part Tariffs and Multistage Programming

This article demonstrates the relationship between the utility function's parameters which represent consumer's taste and the reservation price. We describe the changes in the reservation price analytically and supplement the geometrical illustrations by economic interpretations. We formulate the monopolist’s problem of setting the price of a capital good and the price of a service that the cap...

Optimal Tariffs, Tariff Jumping, and Heterogeneous Firms∗

The majority of research to date investigating strategic tariffs in the presence of multinationals finds a knife-edge result where, in equilibrium, all foreign firms are either multinationals or exporters. Utilizing a model of heterogeneous firms, we find equilibria in which both pure exporters and multinationals coexist. We utilize this model to study the case of endogenously chosen tariffs. A...